2011-12-13 – Note – if you got here trying to find out how to create a full-screen WPF window – you need to set WindowState=”Maximized” and WindowStyle=”None”. This post is about a workaround for an issue that will sometimes arise when doing this.
A while back when I was working on a full-screen WPF application – I found a bug when sometimes, especially after you have changed your screen resolution – the application would show up with a visible bright border, which looks pretty ugly when the UI is mostly black and the display has a black frame as most displays seem to these days. I have found two related bugs reported, but only vague description of a workaround and no fix.
- https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/363288/maximised-wpf-window-not-covering-full-screen?wa=wsignin1.0
- https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/540394/maximized-window-does-not-cover-working-area-after-screen-setup-change?wa=wsignin1.0
I have managed to get some hints for how to solve it to a reusable copy&paste fix I am now using in various places and I thought I would share it:
1. Hook up the handler for the SourceInitialized event in your maximized window’s XAML or code behind and define it as below:
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.SourceInitialized += mainWindow_SourceInitialized;
}
private void mainWindow_SourceInitialized(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
IntPtr handle = (new WindowInteropHelper(this)).Handle;
// Use WindowProc as the callback method
// to process all native window messages.
HwndSource.FromHwnd(handle)
.AddHook(NativeMethods.MaximizedSizeFixWindowProc);
}
2. Add the NativeMethods class to your project.
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
/// <summary>
/// Native Windows API methods and interfaces.
/// </summary>
internal static class NativeMethods
{
#region Constants
// The WM_GETMINMAXINFO message is sent to a window when the size or
// position of the window is about to change.
// An application can use this message to override the window's
// default maximized size and position, or its default minimum or
// maximum tracking size.
private const int WM_GETMINMAXINFO = 0x0024;
// Constants used with MonitorFromWindow()
// Returns NULL.
private const int MONITOR_DEFAULTTONULL = 0;
// Returns a handle to the primary display monitor.
private const int MONITOR_DEFAULTTOPRIMARY = 1;
// Returns a handle to the display monitor that is nearest to the window.
private const int MONITOR_DEFAULTTONEAREST = 2;
#endregion
#region Structs
/// <summary>
/// Native Windows API-compatible POINT struct
/// </summary>
[Serializable, StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct POINT
{
public int X;
public int Y;
}
/// <summary>
/// The RECT structure defines the coordinates of the upper-left
/// and lower-right corners of a rectangle.
/// </summary>
/// <see cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd162897%28VS.85%29.aspx"/>
/// <remarks>
/// By convention, the right and bottom edges of the rectangle
/// are normally considered exclusive.
/// In other words, the pixel whose coordinates are ( right, bottom )
/// lies immediately outside of the the rectangle.
/// For example, when RECT is passed to the FillRect function, the rectangle
/// is filled up to, but not including,
/// the right column and bottom row of pixels. This structure is identical
/// to the RECTL structure.
/// </remarks>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct RECT
{
/// <summary>
/// The x-coordinate of the upper-left corner of the rectangle.
/// </summary>
public int Left;
/// <summary>
/// The y-coordinate of the upper-left corner of the rectangle.
/// </summary>
public int Top;
/// <summary>
/// The x-coordinate of the lower-right corner of the rectangle.
/// </summary>
public int Right;
/// <summary>
/// The y-coordinate of the lower-right corner of the rectangle.
/// </summary>
public int Bottom;
}
/// <summary>
/// The MINMAXINFO structure contains information about a window's
/// maximized size and position and its minimum and maximum tracking size.
/// <seealso cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms632605%28VS.85%29.aspx"/>
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct MINMAXINFO
{
/// <summary>
/// Reserved; do not use.
/// </summary>
public POINT Reserved;
/// <summary>
/// Specifies the maximized width (POINT.x)
/// and the maximized height (POINT.y) of the window.
/// For top-level windows, this value
/// is based on the width of the primary monitor.
/// </summary>
public POINT MaxSize;
/// <summary>
/// Specifies the position of the left side
/// of the maximized window (POINT.x)
/// and the position of the top
/// of the maximized window (POINT.y).
/// For top-level windows, this value is based
/// on the position of the primary monitor.
/// </summary>
public POINT MaxPosition;
/// <summary>
/// Specifies the minimum tracking width (POINT.x)
/// and the minimum tracking height (POINT.y) of the window.
/// This value can be obtained programmatically
/// from the system metrics SM_CXMINTRACK and SM_CYMINTRACK.
/// </summary>
public POINT MinTrackSize;
/// <summary>
/// Specifies the maximum tracking width (POINT.x)
/// and the maximum tracking height (POINT.y) of the window.
/// This value is based on the size of the virtual screen
/// and can be obtained programmatically
/// from the system metrics SM_CXMAXTRACK and SM_CYMAXTRACK.
/// </summary>
public POINT MaxTrackSize;
}
/// <summary>
/// The WINDOWINFO structure contains window information.
/// <seealso cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms632610%28VS.85%29.aspx"/>
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct WINDOWINFO
{
/// <summary>
/// The size of the structure, in bytes.
/// The caller must set this to sizeof(WINDOWINFO).
/// </summary>
public uint Size;
/// <summary>
/// Pointer to a RECT structure
/// that specifies the coordinates of the window.
/// </summary>
public RECT Window;
/// <summary>
/// Pointer to a RECT structure
/// that specifies the coordinates of the client area.
/// </summary>
public RECT Client;
/// <summary>
/// The window styles. For a table of window styles,
/// <see cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms632680%28VS.85%29.aspx">
/// CreateWindowEx
/// </see>.
/// </summary>
public uint Style;
/// <summary>
/// The extended window styles. For a table of extended window styles,
/// see CreateWindowEx.
/// </summary>
public uint ExStyle;
/// <summary>
/// The window status. If this member is WS_ACTIVECAPTION,
/// the window is active. Otherwise, this member is zero.
/// </summary>
public uint WindowStatus;
/// <summary>
/// The width of the window border, in pixels.
/// </summary>
public uint WindowBordersWidth;
/// <summary>
/// The height of the window border, in pixels.
/// </summary>
public uint WindowBordersHeight;
/// <summary>
/// The window class atom (see
/// <see cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633586%28VS.85%29.aspx">
/// RegisterClass
/// </see>).
/// </summary>
public ushort WindowType;
/// <summary>
/// The Windows version of the application that created the window.
/// </summary>
public ushort CreatorVersion;
}
/// <summary>
/// The MONITORINFO structure contains information about a display monitor.
/// The GetMonitorInfo function stores information in a MONITORINFO structure.
/// <seealso cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd145065%28VS.85%29.aspx"/>
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct MONITORINFO
{
/// <summary>
/// The size, in bytes, of the structure. Set this member
/// to sizeof(MONITORINFO) (40) before calling the GetMonitorInfo function.
/// Doing so lets the function determine
/// the type of structure you are passing to it.
/// </summary>
public int Size;
/// <summary>
/// A RECT structure that specifies the display monitor rectangle,
/// expressed in virtual-screen coordinates.
/// Note that if the monitor is not the primary display monitor,
/// some of the rectangle's coordinates may be negative values.
/// </summary>
public RECT Monitor;
/// <summary>
/// A RECT structure that specifies the work area rectangle
/// of the display monitor that can be used by applications,
/// expressed in virtual-screen coordinates.
/// Windows uses this rectangle to maximize an application on the monitor.
/// The rest of the area in rcMonitor contains system windows
/// such as the task bar and side bars.
/// Note that if the monitor is not the primary display monitor,
/// some of the rectangle's coordinates may be negative values.
/// </summary>
public RECT WorkArea;
/// <summary>
/// The attributes of the display monitor.
///
/// This member can be the following value:
/// 1 : MONITORINFOF_PRIMARY
/// </summary>
public uint Flags;
}
#endregion
#region Imported methods
/// <summary>
/// The GetWindowInfo function retrieves information about the specified window.
/// <seealso cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633516%28VS.85%29.aspx"/>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hwnd">The window handle.</param>
/// <param name="pwi">The reference to WINDOWINFO structure.</param>
/// <returns>true on success</returns>
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool GetWindowInfo(IntPtr hwnd, ref WINDOWINFO pwi);
/// <summary>
/// The MonitorFromWindow function retrieves a handle to the display monitor
/// that has the largest area of intersection with the bounding rectangle
/// of a specified window.
/// <seealso cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd145064%28VS.85%29.aspx"/>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hwnd">The window handle.</param>
/// <param name="dwFlags">Determines the function's return value
/// if the window does not intersect any display monitor.</param>
/// <returns>
/// Monitor HMONITOR handle on success or based on dwFlags for failure
/// </returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr MonitorFromWindow(IntPtr hwnd, uint dwFlags);
/// <summary>
/// The GetMonitorInfo function retrieves information about a display monitor
/// <seealso cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd144901%28VS.85%29.aspx"/>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hMonitor">A handle to the display monitor of interest.</param>
/// <param name="lpmi">
/// A pointer to a MONITORINFO structure that receives information
/// about the specified display monitor.
/// </param>
/// <returns></returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
private static extern bool GetMonitorInfo(IntPtr hMonitor, ref MONITORINFO lpmi);
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// Window procedure callback.
/// Hooked to a WPF maximized window works around a WPF bug:
/// https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/363288/maximised-wpf-window-not-covering-full-screen?wa=wsignin1.0#tabs
/// possibly also:
/// https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/540394/maximized-window-does-not-cover-working-area-after-screen-setup-change?wa=wsignin1.0
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hwnd">The window handle.</param>
/// <param name="msg">The window message.</param>
/// <param name="wParam">The wParam (word parameter).</param>
/// <param name="lParam">The lParam (long parameter).</param>
/// <param name="handled">
/// if set to <c>true</c> - the message is handled
/// and should not be processed by other callbacks.
/// </param>
/// <returns></returns>
internal static IntPtr MaximizedSizeFixWindowProc(
IntPtr hwnd,
int msg,
IntPtr wParam,
IntPtr lParam,
ref bool handled)
{
switch (msg)
{
case WM_GETMINMAXINFO:
// Handle the message and mark it as handled,
// so other callbacks do not touch it
WmGetMinMaxInfo(hwnd, lParam);
handled = true;
break;
}
return (IntPtr)0;
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates and populates the MINMAXINFO structure for a maximized window.
/// Puts the structure into memory address given by lParam.
/// Only used to process a WM_GETMINMAXINFO message.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hwnd">The window handle.</param>
/// <param name="lParam">The lParam.</param>
private static void WmGetMinMaxInfo(IntPtr hwnd, IntPtr lParam)
{
// Get the MINMAXINFO structure from memory location given by lParam
MINMAXINFO mmi =
(MINMAXINFO)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(MINMAXINFO));
// Get the monitor that overlaps the window or the nearest
IntPtr monitor = MonitorFromWindow(hwnd, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONEAREST);
if (monitor != IntPtr.Zero)
{
// Get monitor information
MONITORINFO monitorInfo = new MONITORINFO();
monitorInfo.Size = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(MONITORINFO));
GetMonitorInfo(monitor, ref monitorInfo);
// The display monitor rectangle.
// If the monitor is not the primary display monitor,
// some of the rectangle's coordinates may be negative values
RECT rcMonitorArea = monitorInfo.Monitor;
// Get window information
WINDOWINFO windowInfo = new WINDOWINFO();
windowInfo.Size = (UInt32)(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WINDOWINFO)));
GetWindowInfo(hwnd, ref windowInfo);
int borderWidth = (int)windowInfo.WindowBordersWidth;
int borderHeight = (int)windowInfo.WindowBordersHeight;
// Set the dimensions of the window in maximized state
mmi.MaxPosition.X = -borderWidth;
mmi.MaxPosition.Y = -borderHeight;
mmi.MaxSize.X =
rcMonitorArea.Right - rcMonitorArea.Left + 2 * borderWidth;
mmi.MaxSize.Y =
rcMonitorArea.Bottom - rcMonitorArea.Top + 2 * borderHeight;
// Set minimum and maximum size
// to the size of the window in maximized state
mmi.MinTrackSize.X = mmi.MaxSize.X;
mmi.MinTrackSize.Y = mmi.MaxSize.Y;
mmi.MaxTrackSize.X = mmi.MaxSize.X;
mmi.MaxTrackSize.Y = mmi.MaxSize.Y;
}
// Copy the structure to memory location specified by lParam.
// This concludes processing of WM_GETMINMAXINFO.
Marshal.StructureToPtr(mmi, lParam, true);
}
}
(Source code at dropbox.)
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